Khoma la Katani la Miyala - Njira Yosankhika Yopangira Makhoma Akunja Kuphatikiza Zokongoletsa ndi Kapangidwe

M'mapangidwe amakono a zomangamanga, makoma a nsalu za miyala akhala chisankho chodziwika bwino cha mipando yamalonda yapamwamba, malo ochitira zikhalidwe, ndi nyumba zodziwika bwino, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kachilengedwe, kulimba, komanso ubwino wosintha.cDongosolo la ade, lomwe lili ndi miyala yachilengedwe ngati maziko ake, silimangopanga nyumba zokhala ndi luso lapadera komanso limakwaniritsa chitsimikizo cha kukongola ndi chitetezo cha kapangidwe kake kudzera mu zomangamanga zamkati zopangidwa mwasayansi. Izi zimalimbikitsa facukadaulo wothandiza kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino, kuteteza chilengedwe, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali.

Chiyambi chaMakoma a Katani ya Miyala

Kukongola kwakukulu kwa makoma a nsalu za miyala kumachokera ku makhalidwe apadera a miyala yachilengedwe. Ma panel nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga granite ndi marble, ndipo granite ndiye chisankho chachikulu chifukwa cha kusayamwa madzi ambiri, kukana chisanu kwambiri, komanso kupirira dzimbiri la asidi-alkali. Pakadali pano, marble imapereka mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yambiri, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa za anthu achikhalidwe ndi amalonda apamwamba. Kudzera mu njira zomaliza monga kupukuta, kuyatsa moto, kapena kuswa matabwa, mapanelo a miyala amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana kuyambira kunyezimira koyera mpaka mawonekedwe olimba, kukwaniritsa zolinga za mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a zomangamanga. Kaya ndi nyumba zamakono zamaofesi kapena malo achikhalidwe atsopano, makoma a nsalu za miyala amatha kupanga mawonekedwe apadera a zomangamanga kudzera mu mgwirizano wa zinthu ndi mitundu.

Kapangidwe kaMakoma a Katani ya Miyala

Kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa makoma a nsalu za miyala kumadalira mgwirizano wa zigawo zinayi zazikulu za kapangidwe kake: 'kapangidwe kothandizira mapanelo-zolumikizira-makina othandizira'. Gawo lililonse limakwaniritsa ntchito zofunika kwambiri, pamodzi kupanga dongosolo lodalirika lolimbana ndi kukakamizidwa ndi mphepo, kulowa kwa madzi, ndi mphamvu za chivomerezi.

1. Gawo la Panel: "Nkhope" ya Nyumbayi ndi "Mzere Woyamba wa Chitetezo"

Monga mawonekedwe akunja a khoma la nsalu, mapanelo a miyala ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zokongoletsera komanso zomangamanga. Makulidwe a mapanelo okhazikika m'mafakitale ndi kuyambira 25-30mm, ndipo mapanelo omalizidwa ndi moto amafunikira 3mm yowonjezera chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa kukonza pamwamba. Malo a mapanelo nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwana 1.5m² kuti apewe kusokonekera kwa kuyika kapena kufalikira kosagwirizana kwa kupsinjika kuchokera ku miyeso yayikulu. Kuti apititse patsogolo kulimba, mbali yakumbuyo ya mapanelo iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi zinthu zoteteza zochokera ku silane kapena fluorocarbon. Izi zimaletsa kulowa kwa madzi amvula kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono a miyala pomwe zimachepetsa kuwala ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yogwira ntchito ya pakhoma la nsalu ya miyala ikhale zaka zoposa 20.

2. Kapangidwe ka Thandizo: 'Chimango cha Chigoba' ndi 'Chigawo Chonyamula Katundu'

Kapangidwe kothandizira kamakhala ngati 'chigoba' cha khoma la nsalu yamwala, chomwe chimakhala ndi mafelemu akuluakulu oimirira ndi mafelemu ena opingasa omwe amanyamula kulemera kwa mapanelo ndi katundu wakunja. Mafelemu akuluakulu oimirira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha channel, I-beams, kapena aluminiyamu alloy profiles, pomwe mafelemu ena opingasa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha ngodya. Zipangizo ziyenera kuyika patsogolo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena chitsulo cha carbon chotenthetsera kuti zitsimikizire kuti sizikukhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri. Pakukhazikitsa, chimango chachikulu chimamangiriridwa ku nyumbayo kudzera mu zomangira zolumikizidwa kapena mabolts a mankhwala. Zitsulo zina zimamangiriridwa ku chimango chachikulu, ndikupanga njira yothandizira yofanana ndi gridi. Pa makoma a nsalu opitilira mamita 40 kutalika, mtunda wa chimango chachikulu nthawi zambiri umayendetsedwa pakati pa mamita 1.2 ndi 1.5. Mpata wachiwiri wa zitsulo umasinthidwa malinga ndi miyeso ya gululo kuti zitsimikizire kuti slab iliyonse yamwala imalandira chithandizo chokhazikika.

3. Zolumikizira: "Mlatho" Pakati pa Mapanelo ndi Chimango

Zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yofunika kwambiri yolumikizirana pakati pa mapanelo a miyala ndi kapangidwe kothandizira, zomwe zimafuna mphamvu komanso kusinthasintha. Njira zolumikizira zomwe zilipo pano zikuphatikizapo machitidwe olumikizira kumbuyo, ofupikitsidwa, komanso opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a T: Machitidwe olumikizira kumbuyo amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokulitsa pansi, kumangirira mabolts ku miyala popanda mphamvu zokulitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera mapanelo akuluakulu; Machitidwe ofupikitsidwa amakhala ndi mipata 1-2 yodulidwa m'mbali zosiyana za mwalawo, momwe zopachikira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimayikidwa kuti zilumikizidwe. Izi zimathandiza kukhazikitsa mosavuta ndipo zimalola kusintha. Zolumikizira zonse ziyenera kupangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zotsukira za rabara za neoprene zomwe zimayikidwa pamalo olumikizirana ndi mwalawo. Izi zimaletsa dzimbiri lamagetsi pakati pa chitsulo ndi mwala pomwe zimayamwa mphamvu kuchokera ku kugwedezeka.

4. Machitidwe Othandizira: "Mzere Woteteza Wosaoneka" Woteteza Madzi ndi Kuteteza Matupi

Kuti zipirire kukhudzidwa ndi nyengo, makoma a nsalu za miyala amafunika njira zothandizira zambiri: Kuti zitetezedwe ku madzi, pali denga la mpweya la 100-150mm pakati pa khoma la nsalu ndi nyumba yaikulu, lokhala ndi nembanemba yosalowa madzi. Ma panel olumikizira amagwiritsa ntchito kutseka kawiri ndi "thovu + silicone weatherproof sealant". Ma ngalande ndi mabowo amayikidwa mopingasa magawo atatu kapena anayi aliwonse kuti atsimikizire kuti madzi amvula atuluka mwachangu; Kuti zitetezedwe ku kutentha, denga la mpweya limadzazidwa ndi ubweya wa miyala kapena matabwa a polystyrene otulutsidwa, ophatikizidwa bwino ndi denga lalikulu la nyumbayo kuti asunge mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, madera akumpoto, makoma a nsalu za miyala okhala ndi insulation amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa nyumba ndi 15%-20%.

'Makoma a nsalu za miyala si "chovala chakunja" cha nyumbayo, koma ndi kuphatikiza kwa ukadaulo ndi luso.' Kuyambira nyumba zodziwika bwino mpaka mapulojekiti a zomangamanga za anthu onse, makoma a nsalu za miyala akupitilizabe kupatsa mizinda mawonekedwe achilengedwe komanso luso laukadaulo kudzera mu zabwino zake zapadera.

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